- The Hippocratic Oath states that the primary consideration
must be to cause no harm.
- Legalising Marijuana will not change its toxicity only it's
legal status.
Why isn't Marijuana a medicine?
Dr Janet D Lapey, MD of Concerned Citizens for Drug Prevention,
Inc. Hanover, MA. (U.S) Writes "By federal law, a substance may
not be marketed as a medicine until it has been shown to be safe
and effective. Marijuana has never been shown scientifically
to be safe or effective for the treatment of any condition." End.
It is true that some extracts from cannabis show promise for
medicine. If these extracts are to be tested for safety and effectiveness
as in any new drug they should then be available via a medical
prescription, in pill or spray form.
As for instance in the case of Marinol (THC derivative) Dronabinol
and Nabilone... What is not acceptable, however, is the use of
smokeable cannabis in a crude joint containing all the toxic
and carcinogenic ingredients discharged in the smoke of this
narcotic drug. This is because no doctor would recommend any
drug be administered through smoking, as the lungs were never
designed to cope with smoke. But this is what the pro drug
legalisation people are after in perpetuating the medical pot
myth.
Since research shows that those who smoke cigarettes or cannabis
are more likely to go on to use other illegal drugs. Therefore
it makes sense to do everything possible to keep cannabis illegal.
The
Medical Marijuana Update by Janet D. Lapey, M.D.
The antiemetic effects of cannabinoids was first noticed in
anecdotal reports of decreased emesis in patients using marijuana
during chemotherapy. Formal studies subsequently confirmed this
effect. Dronabinol and Nabilone, the two cannabinoids that have
been evaluated most thoroughly, are effective in patients receiving
moderately emetogenic chemotherapy. These drugs may have serious
side effects, however, including dysphoria, hallucinations, sedation,
vertigo, dry mouth and disorientation and are therefore seldom
used as first-line antiemetic therapy.
Cannabinoids are the antiemetic agents whose use is most limited
by side effects, particularly dysphoric reactions. The addition
of low-dose prochlorperazine to a cannabinoid regimen, however,
markedly reduces the incidence of dysphoria.
In 1992 it was approved as an appetite stimulant for patients
with AIDS Wasting Syndrome. Synthetic THC (Marinol) is available
by prescription in pill form and is a Schedule 2 drug: highly
abusable, with limited medical use. The medical use of Marinol
(Nabilone in Canada and the UK) is very restricted because of
harmful side effects such as addiction and mental disorders.
It is low on the list of preferred options by Oncologists. (Note:
Thalidomide was marketed as an anti-nausea agent with disastrous
results) There are now many outstanding anti-nausea drugs available
to doctors with higher safety standards.
(Drug Therapy-Grunberg and Hesketh. New England Journal of Medicine)
No doctor would suggest to a patient that they should take up
smoking a crude cannabis joint anymore than they would suggest
to an obese or stressed patient that they should smoke a cigarette.
There is also the risk of being charged with malpractice if the
patient suffered a medical episode.
It should be noted that the majority of those pushing for medical
use in the US and elsewhere are themselves users of cannabis
in what they describe as a recreational way. These people want
to make their illegal 'recreational' use legal. The US billionaire
financier George Soros has invested millions of US dollars into
the campaign to legalise marijuana. His money financed the California
initative through PR etc, to legalise marijuana for medical purposes.
However, although legal on the statute books, doctors will not
prescribe it because of its addictive and poisonous properties.
This Medical Marijuana scam is only the thin edge of the wedge
in the pro legalisation well financed movement to legalise all
drugs. Money and power are at the root of this and George Soros
is no exception.
An interesting glimpse into some of the 'illnesses' for which
they can smoke cannabis in California include: Athletes foot,
headaches, period pains, asthma etc. This clearly defeats its
credibility.
Several trials of medical extracts of cannabis are underway
in the UK. One such trial has been undertaken by Dr. William
Notcutt of James Paget Hospital, Norfolk. He set out to study
the effects of the drug on chronic pain in patients with multiple
sclerosis and spinal injuries. He used a group of 23 patients.
The majority of these he reported to have experienced, so far,
pain relief from using the drug. In the other patients, the only
benefit was that they were able to sleep at night, he said. Two
experienced no benefit at all, and another two complained of
side effects, with one having to withdraw from the trial. Dr
Norcutt's study was NOT with smoked cannabis but with a sub-lingual
spray.
He said that while the results of the trial were 'going well'
it was necessary to' study this in many more patients than we
have done so far'. The extracts being tested were taken from
special plants grown in the UK by GW Pharmaceuticals. Dr Norcutt
refused to be drawn on whether his research would provide further
support for those seeking to legalise cannabis.
While all of us welcome any breakthrough in pain relief and
suffering we must recognise the need for much more research to
ensure safety in all medicines. The horrendous aftermath of Thalidomide
must never be forgotten. Also the carcinogenic content of tobacco
despite putting Low Tar Content and Tips on cigarettes. It took
over 50 years to "prove" tobacco caused cancer, strokes, heart
attacks etc., but strong indications came much earlier.
We should also be aware of the research done in Scotland which
warned of the link between mental illness and cannabis. Professor
Robert Pertwee of Aberdeen University has investigated the positive
elements of cannabis, including claims that it can ease pain
in cancer and multiple sclerosis sufferers. But his research
found that cannabis use can lead to cancer, heart failure and
mental illness. Prof. Pertwee said "I am against cannabis being
made available for recreational use because, like other drugs,
it has powerful adverse effects. For some people the biggest
risk is that it produces signs of schizophrenia. There is evidence
that if you are genetically pre-disposed to schizophrenia, then
cannabis can trigger it. There are people who appear perfectly
normal and have no idea they are prone to the condition," he
stated. Prof. Pertwee has been studying the medicinal benefits
of cannabis since 1968 and helped launch a £1million research
project last year.
Doctors at Glasgow Royal Infirmary have warned that regular
smokers of cannabis are at risk of developing the potentially
fatal lung disease emphysema. Smoking three cannabis cigarettes
a day is as dangerous as having a whole packet of standard cigarettes
according to the researchers.
Dr Martin Johnson wrote in the journal Thorax "Smoking three
to four marijuana cigarettes per day produces a comparable histological
effect on the airways to smoking 20 tobacco cigarettes daily.
There is a public perception that marijuana smoking has little
adverse effect on the physical health and given the growing political
lobby to legalise marijuana and associated substances in the
UK, we hope that our case reports will stimulate further study
into their potential lung toxicity.
Dr Murray Littleman of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre
in Boston has stated that the researchers recent findings that
in the first hour after taking cannabis, the heart attack risk
was 4.8 times higher than during periods of non-use. Cannabis
increases the heart rate and makes blood pressure erratic.
The study by American scientists, published in the Journal of
Immunology revealed that the chemical tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
promotes tumour growth. It works by increasing immunity-suppressing
chemicals in the body, meaning cancerous cells are able to proliferate.
Previous studies have shown that THC can lower resistance to
bacterial and viral infections. The study by experts at the University
of California Jonsson Centre, in San Francisco, also suggested
that smoking marijuana may be more of a lung cancer risk than
tobacco because of the high tar content. And regular use of the
drug may increase the risk of respiratory tract cancer.
Study shows MS patients further impaired by smoking low THC
marijuana: Greenburg et al. in their paper in Clinical Pharmacology
and Therapeutics, Vol.55.324-328, 1994, performed a double-blind
randomised, placebo-controlled study of inhaled marijuana smoke
on balance and coordination responses in ten adult patients with
spastic multiple sclerosis and normal volunteers who were matched
for age, sex and weight. The study showed that marijuana smoking
enhanced the abnormalities already present in MS patients and
that smoking just one marijuana cigarette containing 1.5%delta-9-THC
increased the objective errors in these responses. The Researchers
concluded that marijuana smoking impairs coordination and balance
in patients with spastic MS.
Marijuana not listed in latest review of beneficial treatment
for Multiple Sclerosis: G.C.Eber writing in The Lancet (Vol 343
Jan.1994) noted that MS is unpredictable, being characterised
by a tendency to relapse and remission and/or to stabilisation
without treatment. He concluded that although clinical symptoms
and anecdotes are valuable, highly sensitive objective methods
are now available in the form of serial MRI scans to document
improvement of the disease with such exciting therapies as beta-interferon. Comment: This
careful review of MS puts to rest any contention that smoked
marijuana is good for this disorder and can be given without
side effects. There is no data to support the claim that smoked
marijuana is a safe or effective therapy for Multiple Sclerosis.
NOTE:
Marijuana-like compounds ease tremors in mice with a condition
similar to Multiple Sclerosis according to a study carried out
by the MS Association in the UK (March 2000) Lorna Layward one
of the study's authors who heads the research arm of the MS Society
of Great Britain and Northern Ireland said that this lends credence
to anecdotal reports that some people with MS have said that
cannabis can help control some of the distressing symptoms. The
compounds tested were synthetic but included the chemical equivalent
of THC. The compounds apparently hit the right buttons in the
nervous system. However, Stephen Reingold, vice president of
research at the National Multiple Sclerosis Society, said it
would be wrong to assume the results would hold true for humans.
David Baker of University College in London, who led the study,
said the work could lead to compounds that can treat MS symptoms
without the high of marijuana, which can affect memory.
These findings are clearly a blow to the pro-cannabis lobby
who are using the sufferings of people with Multiple Sclerosis
(MS) and other debilitating illness to further their own cause.
Professor Gabriel G Nahas MD of New York Medical University
Centre and INSERM Paris an internationally renowned researcher
writes: "There is now irrefutable proof of the cellular toxicity
of marijuana". The development of apoptosis caused by THC is
directly related to storage of this drug in fat depots such as
cell membranes and bone marrow. After a single dose of marijuana,
50percent of its active element, THC will be stored in fat depots
for five days. THC accumulates in the body and it will take 30
days for complete elimination of THC after a single dose. If
one takes marijuana every two days, one will have stored 10 times
more than the initial dose after 10 days and after 30 days, 30
times more. Noting that DNA is the sole vehicle for the evolution
of the human species, some specialists in international law have
suggested that drug trafficking and the condoning of drug consumption
be considered crimes against mankind, since drug dealers and
their network of associates achieve wealth and political power
through advocating the use of substances that destroy DNA.
NOTE:
Prof.Gabriel G Nahas MD is a peer-reviewed researcher and research
Professor of Anesthesiology, New York Medical Centre; Professor
of Anesthesiology (Emeritus), College of Physicians and Surgeons,
Columbia University; Adjunct Professor, University of Paris,
Faculty of Medicine and Director of Research INSERM, Paris. He
is the author of over 700 scientific publications, 27 books and
numerous monographs. He is Scientific Advisor to EURAD and Drug
Watch International. He is advisor to the World Health Organisation
and the French Government. He has numerous decorations and distinctions
from the French and Dutch Governments for his actions during
the 2nd World War with the French Resistance. He is a member
of Drug Watch International and of the Scientific Advisory Board
of EURAD.
Prof. Nahas was a French Partisan during world War 11 and has
been awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom with Gold Palm,
the Legion of Honour, the Order of the British Empire, the Order
of Orange Nassau and the Medal of Honour of the Centennial of
the Statue of Liberty. In 1996 the French National Academy of
Medicine, the oldest and most prestigious Medical Academy in
Europe, awarded him the title of Laureate of the National Academy
of Medicine for his studies and books on drug abuse.
The following medical organisations in the United States
have stated that marijuana has not been scientifically shown
to be safe or effective as medicine:
- AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
- AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY
- NATIONAL MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS ASSOCIATION
- AMERICAN ACADEMY OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
- NATIONAL EYE INSTITUTE
- NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AND STROKE
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DENTAL RESEARCH
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES
NOTE:
Cannabis is an addictive narcotic drug (banned by the UN Conventions
on Narcotics and the UN Conventions on the Rights of the Child).
This not surprising since Cannabis is a drug which impairs thinking,
judgement, memory, coordination and the immune system. It causes
cancer, lung disease, mental illness, leukaemia in babies born
to pot smoking mothers and leads to the use of other drugs. Like
tobacco executives, and promoters downplay the drug's dangers,
using some of the same arguments. Also, as with alcohol and tobacco
products youngsters are targeted.
There is a large well-funded lobby in America and elsewhere
working to promote drug legalisation. The Medical Marijuana Scam
is by their own admission, along with Industrial Hemp one of
the measures used to confuse the public. The US financier Mr
George Soros is just one of those who has sunk millions of dollars
of his fortune into promoting this campaign. Greed and power
are the driving forces behind this campaign.
AMERICA
In June 2001, The American Medical Association House of Delegates
refused to back the medical use of marijuana. A member of the
AMA's council on Scientific Affairs said that compassionate use
of marijuana does not help doctors evaluate whether the drug
is useful, because it is not done in the context of a controlled
clinical trial. Any suggestion of improvement in patients under
these conditions is considered anecdotal and virtually worthless
as scientific evidence. (UPI Science News, June 19, 2001)
On May 14th 2001, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled unanimously with
Justice Bryer recusing himself) that there is no "medical necessity" expectation
to the Controlled Substances Act's prohibitions against manufacturing
and distributing marijuana. It is clear from the text of the
act that Congress has made a determination that marijuana has
no medical benefits worthy of an exception.
Congressman Bob Barr stated, "Directly defying our efforts as
a Congress and a nation,small groups of well-funded activists
engaged in deceptive, back-door efforts to legalize drugs that
are already banned under federal law. Hiding behind the myth
of the so-called "medical" use of marijuana despite the fact
that there is no scientific proof that this mind-altering substance
provides any real medical relief. Marijuana was, and still is,
a gateway drug; a dangerous mind-altering substance that leads
to abuse of other drugs." he stated. (Source: Drug Watch International)
"Medical " marijuana is a way to persuade the public that pot
is benign" "If marijuana is medicine Dr Kevorkian wrote the perscription"(Don
Feder, columnist, Boston Herald, 4/2/01)
Carlton E Turner, Ph.D., D.Sc., Deputy Assistant to the President
for Drug Abuse Policy Control, 1982-1987 has stated. "There is
no therapeutic use for marijuana. THC, one of marijuana's 483
components, has been replicated synthetically and is already
available in theUnited States by prescription under the name "Marinol"." Nabalone" is
on the market in Canada. Marijuana is neither "Marinol" or "Nabalone".
Many double-blind studies have been done using marijuana proving
it is ineffective for medicinal purposes.
This issue belongs to the FDA (Federal Drug Administration),
not in state legislatures, and certainly not with groups funded
by pro-drug groups or individuals," he said. (Source Drug Watch
International News Briefs).
SWEDEN
Studies carried out on conscripts in Sweden reported a substantial
number of cannabis users suffering from Schizophrenia.
Marijuana increases schizophrenia by a factor of four to six,
disorients the user, causes psychotic reaction, panic anxiety,
hallucinations, reproductive cellular disruption and cancer.(National
Institute of Health-schizophrenia Bulletin, Vol.23 Nov.1977 page
221.Swedish Conscripts, Lancet 1987; 2; 1483-86. Source Drug
Watch International)
NOTE:
Juan C.Negrete, McGill University Addictions Unit, Montreal
General Hospital, Canada writes: There appears to be agreement
on the following findings: Cannabis use is associated with an
increased risk of developing schizophrenia; cannabis use precipitates
a more sudden and earlier onset of the illness; cannabis use
enhances the "positive" symptoms of schizophrenia (excessive
dopaminergic activity, greater hallucinatory and delusional activity);
cannabis worsens he "negative" symptoms of schizophrenia(lethargy,
autism, anhedonia,social withdrawal). These symptoms might result
from cholinergic hyperactivity. These effects of cannabis in
the symptoms of schizophrenia are likely to be due to an interaction
of THC with central dopaminergic and cholinergic neurotransmission.
SLOVAKIA
Prime Minister Mikulus Dzurinda's cabinet in Slovakia unequivocally
agreed that Slovakia would not legalise cannabis products. "No
marijuana, no soft way in this area - only zero tolerance to
drugs in Slovakia".
This country is clearly adhering to the Internationally agreed
U.N. Conventions.
IRELAND
The Irish Government will not support the medical marijuana
scam. The Irish MS Society does not support the medical marijuana
scam The Irish Cancer Society does not support the medical marijuana
scam The Irish College of Physicans does not support the medical
marijuana scam.
Note:
If and when a compound is isolated and found to be both safe
and effective it will be available through medical prescription
as a pill, suppository or oral spray. Not through a crude smoked
joint with all it's implications for contraindications. So far
there is no conclusive medical evidence to support such a case.
CANADA
The Canadian Society of Addiction Medicine (CSAM), representing
doctors across Canada specializing in treating marijuana, alcohol,
and other addictions, released a statement (4/10/01) expressing
concerns about federal Health Minister Allan Rock's regulations
allowing terminal patients, people with AIDS, multiple sclerosis,
spinal cord injuries, epilepsy, severe arthritis and other serious
conditions to use the drug if it eases their symptoms. The society
stated that there are, in each disease cited in the regulations,
alternative therapies. That the regulations place most physicians
in Canada in a serious ethical quandary. That no scientific literature
supports the use of smoking marijuana as a method of delivering
the active ingredients in the treatment of illness. And that
there are significant ill effects for some users of cannabis.
The Society's policy states "That, overall there is more risk
than benefit in the use of cannabis products for medicinal purposes".
Dr Bill Campbell, president of CSAM, said that smoking marijuana
has not met he rigorous criteria required before a drug can be
considered both safe and therapeutic.
The Canadian Medical Protective Association (CMPA) which is
the largest medical malpractice fund in the country is warning
Canadian doctors that they could expose themselves to lawsuits
and disciplinary action if they prescribe marijuana to patients.
The Insurance group represents about 95% (60,000) of Canada's
practising doctors. In a letter to the Health Minister responsible
for relaxing the laws on prescribing medical pot the CMPA warns
the new regulations place an unacceptable burden on it's members
as to the effectiveness of medical marijuana in each patient's
case, as well as the risks and benefits of the drug and what
dosage would be appropriate. This information is simply not available.
It is unreasonable to make physicians gatekeepers in this process
they state. The new regulations came into force this summer (2001)
The Alberta Medical Association has already warned its members
to be cautious about approving the use of pot. "We are asking
where is the evidence. There haven't been controlled studies
on the side- effects," said AMA spokesman Ron Kustra. Doctors
can't be sure what they are prescribing". In medicine, knowledge
is typically derived from clinical trials, of which there are
very few for marijuana. Interaction with other drugs, whether
legally prescribed or obtained illegally, the patient's addiction
among other factors would have to be taken into account when
noting the patient's history.
THE NETHERLANDS
Dutch researchers report that MS patients don't benefit from
cannabis. Swallowing specially prepared capsules with either
cannabis or THC did not reduce complaints of patients. The researchers
also measured muscular strength, spasticity and fatigue. One
of the researchers, neurologist J. Killestrin, said that on the
basis of the results of the capsules, he doubts that smoked cannabis
would benefit MS patients. "Proofs from the literature for a
possible effect, also when being administered in smoked form,
are marginal".
(Hospital of the Free University in Amsterdam and the TNO,
Organisation for Applied Scientific Research; Delft, The Netherlands
Dutch daily "De Volkskrant"Dec.2000)
Like tobacco, the drug is a plant substance, that when smoked
combusts into thousands of chemicals. Repeated use can result
in negative biological, social and psychological effects - especially
for the young. Marijuana also alters the mind and may trigger
the reinforcing reward pathway of the brain leading to addiction.
It is a fat soluble drug (unlike alcohol or heroin, cocaine,
ecstasy etc) which means it is absorbed by the fatty tissues
in the body (the brain is one third fat) and lingers for weeks
or months depending on the amount smoked) leaving the user in
a permanently stoned condition. Resulting in road accidents and
deterioration of the brain.
The research on Marijuana indicated that use of the drug increases
one's risk of harm from a variety of sources (health, accidents,
dependence) While harm to oneself or others is not inevitable,
it is far more likely.
Not every user ends up addicted, or has an accident or gets
cancer. Some tobacco smokers never develop cancer. Not every
user goes on to use other drugs, yet almost every heroin or cocaine
addict according to research started on marijuana as a gateway
drug. Research also shows that marijuana users are at greater
risk of many types of harm. This is borne out by Accident and
Emergency Departments in hospitals.
This information has been compiled, in response to the misinformation
being peddled by those seeking to promote chemical warfare on
sick people either to satisfy their own greed or, to feed their
own addiction or through ignorance of the facts. To suggest that
a sick person with an impaired immune system should smoke crude
marijuana joint pulls medicine back into the dark ages.
Before you consider recommending marijuana to your
patients
Those working to prevent the use of illicit drugs do not support
the smoking of marijuana or any other substance for medicinal
purposes. Marijuana is a drug of abuse and its increased potency
over the past 15 years of made it the leading cause of drug-related
emergency room episodes.
The recent IOM report concluded that there is no scientific
evidence that smoked marijuana provides any advantage over currently
available medicine including oral THC (dronabinol). Recent ballot
initiatives allow for the medicinal use of marijuana for a wide
range of undocumented medical ailments. For physicians who live
in states that intend to implement medicinal marijuana laws in
defiance of federal and international drug statutes and treaties,
we would ask that they consider the following questions:
-
Is the potential recipient of smoked marijuana already
addicted to marijuana or other psychoactive and addictive
drugs and has a substance abuse evaluation been made? If
so, would it be ethical to suggest that the patient use/continue
to use addictive substances?
-
Is there documentation that the patient has had no success
using conventional medications to treat his or her ailment?
-
The potency of marijuana varies significantly, depending
on the hybrid and how it was grown. What is the potency of
the marijuana that the patient wants to use and will it be
free of microbial contaminants?
-
Before suggesting that a patient smoke marijuana for any
condition, have you considered pulmonary function testing,
periodic random drug testing for illegal drugs, evaluation
of immune status, presence of any super infection?
-
Considering that marijuana contains more carcinogens than
tobacco, and has side effects which include impaired perception,
increased heart rate, and anxiety, has the patient been advised
of the many adverse consequences associated with the use
of marijuana and warned not to operate a vehicle or any dangerous
machinery for at least 24 hours after smoking one joint of
3.5% THC?
-
Unlike FDA approved therapeutic drugs, scientific findings
on marijuana, its side effects, and its interaction with
other drugs are not listed in the Physicians Desk Reference.
Have you examined the more than 12,500 scientific studies
on marijuana to determine whether any of these studies address
the interaction of marijuana with other medications the patient
might be taking? What potency marijuana was used in these
tests? What potency marijuana is the patient planning on
using?
-
Will you advise your patients that marijuana is more carcinogenic
than tobacco and should not be used around children or in
public places to avoid problems associated with second hand
smoke?
- Will you advise your patients that marijuana is a potent
drug and should be kept out of the reach of children, in a
childproof container?
Source: North West Center for Health and Safety, PORTLAND
QUESTIONS GOVERNING THE USE OF SMOKED MARIJUANA AS A MEDICINE
Drug Watch International and the International Drug Strategy
Institute do not support the smoking of marijuana or any other
substance for medicinal purposes. Marijuana is a dangerous drug,
and its increased potency over the past 15 years has made it
a leading cause of drug-related emergency room episodes. The
recent Institute of Medicine (IOM) report in the United States
concluded there is no scientific evidence that smoked marijuana
provides any advantage over currently available medicine, including
synthetic oral THC (tetrahydrocannabinol- dronabinol). The report
only discussed trial use of marijuana for short-term use, less
than six months, and did not support use for glaucoma, multiple
sclerosis, or other chronic medical conditions.
********************
Dick Cowan of NORML is on record as saying:
"..the key to it is medical access ..once you have hundreds
of thousands of people using marijuana medically the whole scam
is going to be bought .. we'll get medical use then we'll get
full legalisation. Medical marijuana is our strongest suit. It
is our point of leverage which will move us towards full legalisation
of marijuana for personal use."
With thanks to:
Europe Against Drugs (EURAD, Prof.Gabriel Nahas MD.PhD, Dr Janet
D Lapey MD, National Drug Prevention Association (NDPA) UK and
Drug Watch International (USA) (DWI)
With special thanks to DWI Vice President Sandra Bennett,
Northwest Center for Health & Safety.
And to all the international preventionists who inspire us to
carry on promoting a drug free world instead of a free drug world
for our most priceless asset. Our young people.
EURAD is a Voluntary NGO committed to Reducing the Demand for
Drugs and opposing Drug legalisation in compliance with the U.N.
Conventions on Narcotics and the U.N. Conventions on the Rights
of the Child.
Compiled by
Grainne Kenny, International President, Europe Against Drugs
(EURAD), 8 Waltersland Road, Stillorgan, Co.Dublin. IRELAND
Woman of Europe Award - Médaille de Maire de Strasbourg - Médaille
de Maire de Paris - Swedish Parent Award Lord Mayor's Award Dublin-
Drug Watch USA International Delegate for Ireland
EURAD's delegates and affiliates are in Europe, the USA, Canada,
South America, New Zealand, Australia. EURAD holds consultative
status with the Council of Europe, Strasbourg. EURAD is a member
of the NGO Committee on Narcotic Drugs at the UN Office, Vienna.
Reg. No. Stichting EURAD 41155759, Chamber of Commerce, The Hague,
The Netherlands.
Medical
Marijuana Scam